In December 2019, U.S. House and Senate appropriators provided $60 million, the first dedicated funding for carbon removal technology development. Photo credit: Forcal35/Pixabay.
The world needs large-scale investments in new technologies that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which could play a pivotal role in stabilizing the global climate by mid-century. WRI helped make this case to the U.S. government, which has allocated funding for carbon removal for the first time.
The Challenge
To keep global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees C (2.7 degrees F) above pre-industrial levels and avoid the worst impacts of climate change, global greenhouse emissions will need to peak by 2030 and fall to net zero by 2050. But due to greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere, the world also must remove about a trillion tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by 2100 to stabilize global temperature at this level. While some natural approaches to carbon removal, such as forest and landscape restoration, are ready to deploy today, technological approaches like direct air capture require more research and development. Until now, the U.S. federal government had not focused on such technologies but has a critical role to play in the research and development these technologies will need to reach scale.
WRI’s Role
Since 2017, WRI and partners have conducted technology and policy assessment on carbon removal and worked to bring it into the climate policy debate in the United States. Informed by the National Academy of Sciences’ carbon removal research agenda, WRI worked with other large environmental NGOs like Environmental Defense Fund, National Wildlife Federation and The Nature Conservancy to translate the Academy’s recommendations into a series of appropriations requests that were sent in a joint letter to members of Congress. WRI also moderated a briefing for several congressional offices alongside staff from the National Academy of Sciences and others, and worked with the offices of champions like Senator Brian Schatz of Hawaii and Senator Diane Feinstein of California to engage with the Senate Appropriations Committee’s Energy and Water Development Subcommittee, a key decision-making body. Other partners including Carbon180, the Bipartisan Policy Center and Energy Futures Initiative played key roles in helping Congressional staff to translate the Academies’ recommendations into policy.
The Outcome
In December 2019, U.S. House and Senate appropriators provided $60 million, the first dedicated funding for carbon removal technology development. Congress can build on this critical first step to scale up the most promising technologies and lower the cost of carbon removal. As the United States pursues this strategy, these technologies can be transferred to other geographies to help government and companies achieve targets to become carbon-neutral, and eventually carbon-negative.
Restaurants are drawing on the latest behavioral science to help their diners choose meals with lower carbon footprints through, among other strategies, offering more plant-focused meals. Photo credit: Taylor Kiser/Unsplash.
Shifting from meat-centered diets to more plant-forward ones can have significant benefits for forests, fresh water, and the climate. WRI and partners are helping hotels, restaurants, hospitals and other dining facilities cut food-related greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2030 by championing “delicious climate action.”
The Challenge
Producing animal-based foods causes two-thirds of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions globally, is a leading cause of deforestation and accounts for more than three-quarters of agricultural land use. WRI research shows that increasing the share of plant-based foods in people’s diets is a critical step in reducing agriculture’s pressure on forests, fresh water and the climate. However, in 2018, only a handful of food providers spoke out about the issue of climate-friendly diets because of a lack of reliable guidance on how to set a meaningful target to reduce the environmental impact of the food they served and convey the right message to their customers.
WRI’s Role
Building on WRI’s Creating a Sustainable Food Future and research from its Better Buying Lab, WRI developed the idea of Cool Food – reducing global warming by making plant-based foods trendy and attractive – and brought on other environment- and health-focused NGO partners to support and help expand the program. The partnership developed the Cool Food Pledge to encourage large-scale food providers to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2030 – a target in line with the Paris Agreement goal to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C (2.7 degrees F) – by serving more plant-rich dishes. The group sought commitments and developed data-gathering protocols, greenhouse gas emission calculation methods and research on ways to increase consumer demand for plant-rich dishes. Providing a low-risk way to lead, with positive messaging and science-based targets, helps give food providers confidence to join and influence their peers.
Health Care Without Harm helped recruit and manage data from hospitals in the United States. Partners including the UN Environment Programme, EAT, the Sustainable Restaurant Association, the Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance, Practice Greenhealth and Climate Focus helped advocate for this approach to sustainable diets.
The Outcome
Food providers that serve 850 million meals annually have committed to the Cool Food Pledge. Restaurants, hospitals, hotels, universities and city governments are drawing on the latest behavioral science to help their diners choose meals with lower carbon footprints. Strategies include changing menu layouts, using more appetizing language and offering more plant-focused meals. If current Cool Food members meet their targets, they would collectively avoid greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to taking more than 220,000 cars off the road and would keep nearly 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) of forest standing. The Cool Food Pledge is targeting 10 billion meals per year by the end of 2023.
Medellín, pictured here, recently purchased a fleet of 64 e-buses. Photo credit: WRI.
The adoption of electric buses is gaining momentum, but governments often face market barriers that prevent uptake. WRI provided technical assistance to plan for and procure nearly 1,000 electric buses in three cities, including the two largest fleets outside China. The new buses are expected to lower operating costs and improve local air quality while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The Challenge
Many cities in Latin America have aging bus fleets that contribute to ground-level air pollution and, as a result, increased illness and mortality. Converting these fleets to electric buses (e-buses) can dramatically reduce health problems and greenhouse gas emissions. E-buses also have lower operating costs, making them an attractive alternative for transit systems. But cities face significant barriers to broad uptake. WRI research on lessons from 16 early-adopter cities finds that one of the biggest barriers is the higher upfront cost of e-buses and a perceived lack of options to finance the difference.
WRI’s Role
WRI built trust with transport and environment officials at the local and national levels in Chile and Colombia through support of major transit projects. Starting in 2016, Santiago, Bogotá and Medellín had to decide which technology to use as they began to renew their bus fleets. E-buses seemed a good option, but the cities were primarily concerned with higher upfront costs. WRI research on business models for adoption of e-buses, guidance on operating such fleets and international comparison of upfront and operating costs informed practical solutions to these concerns. WRI worked with partners including C40 and the Inter-American Development Bank to overcome the upfront cost barrier, proposing a scalable contractual and procurement mechanism that allows local governments to tap into previously hidden sources of financing, including from utilities and the private sector arm of multilateral development banks.
The Outcome
Santiago and Bogotá issued tenders for the purchase of close to 400 and 500 e-buses, respectively, and are procuring the two largest e-bus fleets in the world outside China. Additionally, Medellín purchased a fleet of 64 e-buses. The e-bus fleets are more energy-efficient and are expected to lower operating costs while reducing local air pollution and global greenhouse gas emissions, helping Chile and Colombia achieve their national climate targets. In addition, with financial and contractual models that can potentially be adapted elsewhere, more cities are likely to take notice. WRI will continue to conduct research and provide technical support on e-buses, with the hope they become commonplace around the world.
The Commissioners have elevated the political profile of adaptation, in turn spurring commitments such as $790 million to enhance the resilience of over 300 million smallholder farmers. Picture here is a woman harvesting rice in Nepal. Photo credit: Neil Palmer/CIAT.
Political leaders need to change how they view adaptation to climate change. Working with high-profile champions, WRI and partners raised this essential concept’s political visibility with a major report and a Year of Action focused on driving progress on integrating it in key economic sectors including agriculture, cities, finance, water and the natural environment.
The Challenge
The impacts of climate change – higher temperatures, rising seas, fiercer storms, more unpredictable rainfall, more acidic oceans – are here and are intensifying, particularly for the world’s most vulnerable. Without further action on adaptation, climate change could push more than 100 million people into extreme poverty by 2030 and significantly reduce crop yields and cost coastal cities more than $1 trillion annually by 2050. Government efforts on adaptation have been piecemeal and fallen short of the scale and urgency required. Improving the climate resilience of communities, homes, businesses, farms and infrastructure requires a massive effort and bold decision making that strengthens the role of those most at risk in crafting policies that affect them.
WRI’s Role
With the Global Center on Adaptation, WRI co-manages the Global Commission on Adaptation, launched in 2018 to elevate the issue of climate resilience, build support, and accelerate action. Co-chaired by Ban Ki-moon, Bill Gates and IMF head Kristalina Georgieva, the Commission is convened by 23 countries and made up of 34 Commissioners who are leaders in government, business, science and development.
WRI led the team that authored the flagship report Adapt Now and managed the research teams commissioned to produce 15 background papers. The report outlines three revolutions needed to scale adaptation – in understanding, planning and finance – and finds that investing $1.8 trillion in five areas can deliver $7.1 trillion in net benefits by 2030. WRI organized a global launch campaign that helped elevate the political visibility of adaptation. Building on the report, the Commission enlisted more than 75 governments and organizations to support eight Action Tracks – the key systems of agriculture and food security, the natural environment, water, cities, infrastructure, disaster risk management, and finance, plus locally led adaptation –that were launched at the September 2019 UN Climate Action Summit.
The Outcome
The Commissioners have elevated the political profile of adaptation, in turn spurring significant new financial commitments and initiatives. In agriculture, this includes commitments of $790 million to enhance the resilience of over 300 million smallholder farmers. On finance, dozens of countries’ finance ministers are integrating climate risk into their work while companies across the investment value chain have joined the Coalition for Climate Resilient Investment. The African Development Bank, led by a Commissioner, announced it would boost its adaptation funding to $12.5 billion, half its total climate finance. Through the 2020 Year of Action, the Commission and its global coalition are working to mobilize political, technical and financial support for adaptation to jumpstart the critical transition to a more resilient world.
A representative from the Ghana Forestry Commission and the Guyana Forestry Training Center examine logs that are being moved out of the forest. Photo credit: Maite Knorr-Evans/WRI.
As more companies commit to reducing deforestation in their supply chains, a lack of integrated data monitoring can be a hurdle. The Global Forest Watch (GFW) Pro online geospatial management system helps businesses of all sizes eliminate deforestation by agricultural commodity suppliers in more than 90 countries by leveraging the power of satellites and big data.
The Challenge
About 40% of the annual loss of primary rainforest is associated with commodity production such as clearing forest to raise cattle and cultivate crops like soy and palm oil. In addition to affecting the lives and livelihoods of those who depend on forests, deforestation is among the largest sources of global greenhouse gas emissions. Recognizing this problem, the Consumer Goods Forum, a group of 400 companies that drive demand for these commodities, committed to achieve zero net deforestation in their supply chains by 2020. Even as more companies recognize this imperative, progress has been slow because the labyrinth of intermediaries between farms, mills and consumer products makes measuring deforestation in supply chains difficult.
WRI’s Role
Global Forest Watch, led by WRI, has used near-real-time geospatial data to help users around the world to better manage forests since 2014. Building on this platform, WRI and more than 60 partners developed GFW Pro, a free online app that allows commodity producers and buyers to upload the location of their production and supply areas such as soy farms and palm oil concessions. Consumer goods companies, for example, can then receive such data from suppliers for any commodity anywhere to monitor for signs of forest clearing or fires. GFW Pro also enhances accountability by allowing companies to easily report and share progress on curbing deforestation and by empowering civil society and local enforcement agencies – about a third of the app’s users – to monitor for themselves.
The Outcome
Over 100 companies from more than 30 countries, including commodity and consumer goods giants like Cargill, Mondelēz, Olam, Procter & Gamble and Unilever, now use GFW Pro to better understand and reduce their impact on forest clearing. Actors at all levels of the supply chain – including those who buy from or finance farms, mills and processing facilities – are using consistent data and a common approach to help prioritize engagement with high-risk locations, adjust their sourcing, quantify progress toward zero-deforestation commitments, and show compliance with these commitments. WRI and partners will continue to enhance GFW Pro and promote its use, including by small- and medium-sized companies whose involvement is critical for success in reducing deforestation.
Electric grid on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Photo credit: Rwaida Gharib/USAID.
In 2017, Indonesia announced its goal of integrating low-carbon, green growth into its national development strategy. To support this effort, WRI led a research consortium to explore the potential of low-carbon development, resulting in the central positioning of green growth in Indonesia’s national development plan for 2020-2024.
The Challenge
Indonesia, the world’s fourth-most populous country, has achieved impressive economic growth, with per capita GDP rising from $800 in 2000 to nearly $4,000 in 2018. However, this has come at a cost, with unsustainable levels of resource extraction, a surge in motor vehicle traffic and heavy reliance on coal-burning, which contributes to air pollution-related diseases suffered by nearly 60% of Jakarta residents. Sustainable development in Indonesia will require a low-carbon pathway that can drive growth while enhancing health, welfare, and climate resilience.
WRI’s Role
In 2017, the Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS) launched the Low Carbon Development Initiative (LCDI) to put low-carbon development at the core of Indonesia’s next five-year development plan. The government invited the New Climate Economy (NCE), for which WRI is the managing partner, and WRI Indonesia to support it on LCDI. NCE and WRI Indonesia coordinated with a research consortium of international and local partners to support BAPPENAS in developing thematic studies and an overall report.
Launched by the government in March 2019, the LCDI report, Low Carbon Development: A Paradigm Shift Towards a Green Economy in Indonesia, found that a sustainable, inclusive growth path for Indonesia can deliver average GDP growth of 6 percent per year through 2045 and, compared to business as usual, create more than 15 million additional greener and better-paying jobs, halve extreme poverty, and save 40,000 lives annually from reduced air and water pollution – all while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by nearly 43 percent by 2030, exceeding Indonesia’s current international target. NCE and WRI Indonesia also helped inform the development planning process by supporting BAPPENAS, the prominent LCDI Commissioners and NCE’s Global Commissioners in extensive communications and engagement around the LCDI report.
The Outcome
In January 2020, Indonesia released its first-ever sustainable development plan, RPJMN 2020-2024, which includes greenhouse gas emissions reduction as a key macro-economic indicator alongside GDP growth, poverty reduction and employment. The LCDI effort helped shift views in some key parts of government away from considering climate action and growth as trade-offs and towards recognition of the benefits of climate action. As the one of the world’s largest economies and highest greenhouse gas emitters, Indonesia’s identification of an inclusive, low-carbon development pathway is inspiring other countries to look to it as an example. NCE and WRI Indonesia are now supporting the government to increase cross-sectoral implementation of LCDI across the country.
Workers install solar panels on the roof of a Walmart store in Chula Vista, CA. Photo credit: Walmart.
Companies around the world are stepping up to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with climate science, including in their value chains. By the end of 2019, the Science Based Targets initiative had validated scope 3 targets from over 280 companies with a combined market capitalization of over $9 trillion, which will work to reduce emissions throughout their value chains, spurring other businesses to follow.
The Challenge
Companies are responsible for a significant share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and must play an integral role in achieving the Paris Agreement goal of keeping global warming to well below 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F). Through the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi), more than 750 companies have committed to reduce their GHG emissions in line with climate science, primarily setting targets for their own operations (scope 1 emissions) and their electricity consumption (scope 2 emissions). But for many sectors, such as apparel, chemicals and retail, the largest portion of a company’s GHG footprint lies upstream and/or downstream in their value chain (scope 3 emissions).
WRI’s Role
WRI and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development published the GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Standard in 2011 to enable consistent measurement and reporting of scope 3 emissions. WRI brought this expertise to SBTi, launched in 2015 with CDP, WWF and the UN Global Compact, which has greatly increased scope 3 target-setting by providing clear criteria, offering a target validation service and making scope 3 target-setting mandatory for companies whose value chain emissions are at least 40% of their total emissions. With CDP and WWF, WRI developed resources that enable scope 3 target-setting, including target-setting methods and guidance. In addition, WRI leads the scope 3 sector-specific projects for apparel and chemical companies and for financial institutions.
The Outcome
By the end of 2019, more than 280 companies globally with an aggregate market capitalization of over $9 trillion had publicly set ambitious scope 3 targets approved through the SBTi. These targets have spurred numerous innovative corporate strategies and value chain initiatives to reduce GHG emissions. Companies that proactively address their value chain emissions report numerous benefits: increased competitive advantage, regulatory resilience, brand reputation and bottom-line savings, but perhaps most importantly, product innovations that transform their business models.
With companies from nearly 50 countries committed to setting SBTs and membership accelerating, SBTi has become a global movement with the potential to make science-based climate targets standard business practice across all key sectors and economies.
Under the Paris Agreement, countries are expected to submit increasingly ambitious NDCs every 5 years and take concrete steps to transition toward a low-carbon economy. Photo credit: Marcin Jozwiak/Unsplash.
Nationally determined commitments (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement fell short of what is needed to limit the worst impacts of climate change. WRI’s research and outreach have helped mobilize and equip countries to commit to increased climate ambition. In addition, the NDC Partnership, through 40 members including WRI, is providing technical assistance and funding to support 65 developing countries in enhancing and implementing their NDCs.
The Challenge
Under the Paris Agreement, countries are expected to submit increasingly ambitious NDCs every five years. In 2015, countries were unprepared to consider all options for ambitious action. Updating NDCs in 2020 presents an opportunity for countries to align their national plans with the global goals adopted in Paris, in many cases helping drive a shift to more inclusive, low-carbon development.
WRI’s Role
Amid the general post-Paris focus on NDC implementation, in 2017 WRI put the spotlight on NDC enhancement, fleshing out the concept and what it could look like in practice with Enhancing NDCs by 2020. WRI has also engaged countries and regional groups, NGOs and the UN Secretary General’s office and mobilized influential champions to encourage greater ambition, including with a multi-year “Step Up” campaign. WRI published analyses for key countries including China and Mexico and released the 2020 NDC Tracker to monitor progress on enhancement and to encourage other countries to commit. With UNDP, WRI has been producing guidance to help inform technical assistance on NDC enhancement.
The NDC Partnership, a global coalition of countries and institutions, was launched in 2016 to support countries to implement their NDCs. In 2019, the Partnership launched the Climate Action Enhancement Package (CAEP) to deliver fast-track support to countries to enhance the quality and increase the ambition of their NDCs. Through CAEP, over 40 implementing partners, including WRI, are delivering technical and financial support to developing countries through partners’ own resources and a $30 million Technical Assistance Fund, funded by six donor countries. WRI hosts the Support Unit with UNFCCC and manages the Technical Assistance Fund.
The Outcome
By early 2020, more than 100 countries had committed to enhance their NDCs and present these ahead of COP26, the annual UN climate summit which has been postponed from 2020 to 2021 due to the coronavirus pandemic. The 2020 NDC Tracker will continue to monitor progress on NDC enhancement and WRI will increasingly focus on pursuing commitments from major emitters. In addition, 65 developing country members of the NDC Partnership – representing a quarter of the world’s population and 16% of global greenhouse gas emissions – are working to enhance the quality and ambition of their NDCs, and many of these have already committed to submit enhanced NDCs ahead of COP26. Through collaborative efforts between member countries and partners, the NDC Partnership is helping to make greater ambition a reality. Together, the critical mass of countries committed to NDC enhancement can help increase pressure on all parties to step up.
In 2019, Cincinnati signed a 100-megawatt power purchase agreement to construct the United States’ largest municipal solar array, enough to power 25,000 homes. Photo credit: EEJCC/Wikimedia.
Greater renewable energy supply options are needed if cities and companies are to meet their clean energy goals. WRI is helping accelerate demand for renewable energy through new coalitions, such as supporting the city of Cincinnati on a deal for the largest municipal solar array in the U.S. and helping companies in China and Mexico set examples for their peers.
The Challenge
Cities and companies have a vital role in tackling climate change and many are setting clean energy goals. Delivering on these goals, however, can be complicated. In the U.S., cities struggle to access large-scale renewable energy, and outside the U.S. and Europe, large buyers also face challenges contracting for renewable energy. Even with energy market reforms or new incentives, buyers face barriers in navigating regulations, evaluating options and conducting procurement processes. For sectors like retail with dispersed operations, this can be even more complex.
WRI’s Role
To help cities meet their clean energy goals, WRI, the Rocky Mountain Institute and the Urban Sustainability Directors Network launched the American Cities Climate Challenge Renewables Accelerator in 2019. The Renewables Accelerator supports dozens of cities in deploying onsite renewables and procuring large-scale renewables, including through guidance on city-utility partnership agreements. WRI has provided sustained technical support in several cities, including Cincinnati.
To help companies face the renewable energy challenge and drawing on the Renewable Energy Buyers Alliance that WRI helped set up in the U.S., in 2017 WRI China and nine partners established the Green Electricity Consumption Cooperation Organization (GECCO), a coalition of 58 companies that provides capacity-building and facilitates knowledge-sharing. WRI China has supported GECCO members and other companies through a handbook on corporate renewable energy procurement in China, a synthesis of good practices and lessons learned from the U.S., and training and technical advice to pioneer companies including the brewer Budweiser China.
With Allotrope Partners and the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, WRI also established the Clean Energy Investment Accelerator (CEIA) in 2016 to develop and demonstrate innovative purchasing models in emerging markets. WRI Mexico and the CEIA provided technical support to a large retailer to aggregate procurement of clean energy for its stores across Mexico, designing and conducting a request for proposals, evaluating bids and assessing associated risks. The CEIA and partners followed this with a guidebook for other companies in Mexico.
The Outcome
Leading cities and companies are building momentum on clean energy procurement and showing it makes economic sense. In the U.S., Cincinnati signed a 100-megawatt power purchase agreement – enough to power 25,000 homes – to construct the country’s largest municipal solar array, which will provide clean energy to all city facilities and also serve residents. WRI is now helping finalize power purchase agreements in other U.S. cities.
In China, Budweiser China implemented on-site solar projects with a total installed capacity of 23 megawatts. In Mexico, the large retailer signed a letter of intent to procure 100% clean energy for its 75 stores, which it projects will reduce its energy costs by 30% and will surpass its emissions reduction target under the Science Based Targets initiative. With a growing number of examples like these, peers can learn from them to pursue their own clean energy goals.
WRI India partnered with the Mumbai authorities to audit and improve high-risk intersections across the city, such as the intersection seen here during a trial with temporary interventions. Photo credit: Saurabh Jain/WRI India.
Over one million road traffic fatalities could be avoided each year with a systemic approach to road safety. WRI and partners helped city and state governments adopt comprehensive road safety plans and regulations to reduce vehicle speed and improve road design, saving lives by making streets less car-centric and safer for all road users, especially the most vulnerable: pedestrians, cyclists and other micro-mobility users.
The Challenge
Traffic accidents claim some 1.3 million lives each year, including many of the most vulnerable road users, and most are in the developing world. India, for example, has just 1% of the world’s vehicles but suffers 10% of the world’s traffic deaths. WRI research highlights cost-effective ways to make roads safer for all users, including reducing vehicle speeds, the fastest but most politically contentious way to save lives.
WRI’s Role
WRI drew on years of work on urban mobility and research and guidance on a street design-oriented approach to road safety through Cities Safer by Design and a “Safe System” or “Vision Zero” approach through Sustainable and Safe: A Vision and Guidance for Zero Road Deaths. With local and international partners, WRI engaged with many cities to address fatalities from high vehicle speeds, seeing outstanding efforts in Accra, Addis Ababa, Bangkok and Bogotá and the Mexican state of Colima. WRI and partners adapted international best practice to provide locally appropriate technical and policy guidance on speed limits, changes to street design such as speed humps, narrowed lanes and raised crossings, enforcement and regulatory mechanisms, and data analysis to select locations for intervention and to monitor results.
In India, WRI worked with the state of Haryana to launch the Haryana Vision Zero Program in 2017 to bring an evidence-based approach to reducing road crashes, working with local civil society organizations, universities, and businesses. Starting in 10 districts, WRI helped identify the deadliest stretches of roads, proposed improved road design and traffic management practices, and trained municipal engineers to do the same. By understanding the true cost of road crashes, the government came to view road safety not just as an engineering or enforcement issue, but as a health and economic issue.
The Outcome
In 2019, the cities of Accra, Addis Ababa, Bangkok, and Bogotá, and the Mexican state of Colima adopted new speed-reduction plans and regulations, enforcement processes and in some cases new street designs. Colima’s new Road Safety Code provides state-wide vehicle speed standards and enforcement authority. These actions not only save lives but offer evidence for other cities.
In India, the Haryana Vision Zero program saved an estimated 400 lives state-wide in one year. Punjab has begun piloting the program and other Indian states are seeking to follow. Together, these programs could save thousands of lives and reduce associated health and economic costs for 53 million people. These efforts are in line with an increased emphasis on safety for all road users in India’s strengthened Motor Vehicles Act of 2019, on which WRI engaged since 2014 and which aims to cut traffic fatalities in half by 2030.
