Large corporations are setting stronger sustainability goals with ambitious carbon-reduction targets. This corporate push for enhanced climate action is essential to creating a zero-carbon economy. However, many of the tangible changes needed to meet these companies’ targets — such as reducing product-driven deforestation and factory emissions — must be undertaken by smaller businesses throughout their supply chains. These suppliers are typically micro, small or medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) that often lack the resources needed to address their environmental impacts and the threat climate change poses to their operations.

The following stories highlight challenges that supply chain businesses and workers are facing in this changing environment, as well as the benefits of corporate partnering to address their needs.

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COVID-19 exposed the difficulties and vulnerabilities in complex global supply chains. Other challenges, including climate-driven events like storms and heat waves, continue to create major disruptions. Meanwhile, consumers are increasingly seeking more sustainable products, governments are mandating traceability, and companies are demanding more information and lower costs from suppliers.

These shifts are putting growing pressure on businesses and people in supply chains, particularly those working in micro, small and medium-sized businesses. 

“The pandemic should be thought of as a temporary problem, whereas climate change is a much more serious long-range problem.” — Jacques Leslie (LA Times Contributing Opinion Writer and frequent contributor to Yale Environment 360) 

Yet, there are obvious power imbalances in global supply chains. At the top are often global, multi-billion-dollar companies with their own needs, risks and challenges. These large companies hold the power while smaller businesses in their supply chains frequently struggle to keep up with evolving business needs and best practices as well as threats like climate change.

"It's standard practice for the lead firm to push the risk and the cost down to the supplier. And for the supplier working on a narrow margin, when they have problems, they are going to push them down on workers.” — Jason Judd (Global Labor Institute at Cornell University)

Supply chains are also vast, confusing, and tangled networks that can be difficult to trace from beginning to end.

“Personally, when I think about global supply chains, I think of one of those detective crime solving boards with all the pins and the thread linking all the different pieces of evidence together ... it looks incredibly convoluted and complicated.” — Becca Coughlan (Remake)

Even market-leading companies do not always know who exactly contributes to making their products — nor the types of conditions that affect those businesses, workers and communities.

“When it comes to companies understanding their supply chain from their own needs and risks, I think they do a fair job... But when it comes to understanding the needs of the suppliers and needs of SMEs, I think there is a big gap there.” — Namit Agarwal (World Benchmarking Alliance)

This means that companies may not fully understand the risks and challenges that their suppliers face or how to best support them in addressing those challenges.

“I would say there are very few big companies that understand the needs of the SMEs in their lower tiers... They’re legally not contracted with those lower tiers, and therefore [it is] difficult in business terms to take responsibility for someone with whom you don’t have a contract.” — Dan Viederman (Working Capital Fund) 

As the impacts of climate change continue to affect businesses around the world, large companies need to invest in their supply chains to help create more resilience. Before doing so, companies must connect with suppliers to understand what exactly their challenges are and how to best address them.

“Some corporations are very reluctant to set an ultimatum for an SME to say, ’You have to set a net-zero target or you have to fill out this form or you're no longer in our supply chain.’” — Lydia Elliott (SME Climate Hub)