Right to Resources Interactive Map: Laws Reviewed
This page summarizes the principal national laws per resource that were reviewed to determine the status of natural resource rights in sub-Saharan Africa as presented in WRI's Rights to Resources interactive map.
Select a resource: Water | Trees | Wildlife | Minerals | Petroleum
WATER
| Country | Principal National Law |
|---|---|
| Angola | Lei n.º 6/02 Lei De Aguas [Law No. 6/02 Water Law] |
| Benin | Loi N° 87-016 du 21 Septembre 1987 portant Code de l'Eau en République du Bénin [Law No. 87-016 of 21 September 1987 with the Water Code in the Republic of Benin] |
| Botswana | Water Act (Act 40, 1967 Chap. 34:01) |
| Burkina Faso | Loi nº 002/2001/AN du 08 fevrier 2001 portant loi d'orientation relative à la gestion de l'eau [Law No. 002/2001 of 8 February 2001 Guidance on the Law on Water Management] |
| Burundi | Décret-Loi nº 1/41 du 26 Novembre 1992 portant institution et organisation du domaine public hydraulique [Law No. 1/41 of 26 November 1992 on the establishment and organization of the hydraulic public domain] |
| Cameroon | Loi n° 98/005 du 14 Avril 1998 portant régime de l’eau [Law No. 98-005 of 14 April 1998 with the Water Regime] |
| Cape Verde | Lei nº 41/II/84 aprova a Lei de Águas [Law No. 41/II/84 approving the Water Law] |
| Central African Republic | Loi n° 06.001 du 12 avril 2006 portant Code de l’Eau de la République Centrafricaine [Law No. 06.001 of 12 April 2006 with the Water Code of the Central African Republic] |
| Chad | Loi nº 016/PR/99 portant Code de l'eau [Law No. 016 /PR/99 with the Water Code] |
| Comoros | Loi N° 94-037 du 21 décembre 1994 portant Code de l'Eau [Law No. 94-037 of 21 December 1994 with the Water Code] |
| Congo Republic [Congo Brazzaville] | Loi nº 13-2003 portant Code de l'Eau [Law No. 13-2003 with the Water Code] |
| Cote D’Ivoire | Loi nº 98-755 du 23 décembre 1998 portant Code de l'eau [Law No. 98-755 of 23 December 1998 with the Water Code] |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | No single principal national water law exists, although a draft Water Code is under preparation. Two laws are relevant: 1) Ordonnance nº 52-443 du 21 décembre 1952 sur les mesures propres à protéger les sources, nappes acquifères souterraines, lacs et cours d'eau, à empêcher la pollution et le gaspillage de l'eau et à contrôler l'exercice des droits d'usage et des droits d'occupation concédés; and 2) Decret du 6 mai 1952 sur les concessions et l'administration des eaux, des lacs et des cours d'eau. [1) Ordinance No. 52-443, revised in 1953 & 1957 on measures to protect sources, tables acquifères groundwater, lakes and streams, to prevent pollution and waste of water and control the exercise of rights of use and occupancy rights granted; and 2) Decree of 6 May 1952 on Concessions and Administration of Water Lakes and Rivers] |
| Djibouti | Loi n° 93/AN/95/3e L Portant Code de l'Eau [Act No. 93/AN/95/3e Covering The Water Code]. Not Available. Laws used to answer the questions: 1) Loi n°51/AN/09/6ème L portant Code de l’Environnement [Act No. 51/AN/09/6ème L with the Environment Code]; 2) Décret n°2000-0031/PR/MAEM pris en application de la loi n°93/AN/95/3ème L du 04 avril 1996 portant Code de l'Eau, relatif à la lutte contre la pollution des eaux [Decree 2000-0031/PR/MAEM made under Law No. 93/AN/95/3ème L from 04 April 1996 Water Code, relating to the fight against water pollution]; 3) Décret n° 2000-0032/PR/MAEM pris en application de la Loi n°93/AN/95/3ème L du 04 avril 1996 portant Code de l’Eau, relatif aux procédures de déclarations, autorisations et concessions [Decree 2000-0032/PR/MAEM made under Law No. 93/AN/95/3ème L from 04 April 1996 Water Code, relating to procedures for declarations, authorizations and concessions]; and 4) Décret n°2000-0033/PR/MAEM pris en application de la Loi n°93/AN/95/3ème L du 04 avril 1996 portant Code de l’Eau, relatif aux périmètres de protection des captages de l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine [Decree 2000-033/PR/MAEM made under Law No. 93/AN/95/3ème L from 04 April 1996 Water Code, relating to the protection areas of water catchments for human consumption] |
| Equatorial Guinea | Ley numero 7/2003, Reguladora del Medio Ambiente [Law No. 7/2003 Environmental Regulation Law] |
| Eritrea | Eritrea Water Proclamation No. 162/2010 |
| Ethiopia | Proclamation No. 197/2000 Ethiopian Water Resources Management Proclamation |
| Gabon | Loi nº 16/93, 26 aout 1993 relative a la protection et a l'amelioration de l'environnement [Law No. 16/93 of August 1993, on the Protection and the Improvement of the Environment] Note: Gabon has laws on the environment and natural resources, but does not have a specific principal national law on water. The law on the environment covers inland water, including surface and groundwater. |
| Gambia | National Water Policy, July 2006; National Environmental Management Act, 1994 |
| Ghana | Water Resources Commission Act, 1996 (Act 522) |
| Guinea | Loi nº L/94/005/CTRN portant Code de l'eau [Law No. L/94/005/CTRN with the Water Code] |
| Guinea Bissau | Decreto-Lei 5-A/92, aprova a Codigo de Aguas [Decree-Law No. 5-A/1992, approving the Water Code] |
| Kenya | Water Act, 2002 (Act No. 8 of 2002) |
| Lesotho | Water Act, 2008 (Act No. 15 of 2008) |
| Liberia | Integrated Water Resource Management Policy (November 2007, IWRMP). Note: Liberia has no specific water law in place. Instead, it has a two-part water policy, consisting of the IWRMP and the Water Supply and Sanitation Policy of 2009. |
| Madagascar | Loi N° 98-029 portant Code de l'Eau [Law No. 98-029 with the Water Code] |
| Malawi | Water Resources Act, 1969 (Chap 72:03) as amended |
| Mali | Loi nº 02-006/ du 31 janvier 2002 portant Code de l'Eau [Law No. 02-006 of 31 January 2002 with the Water Code] |
| Mauritania | Loi nº 2005-30 portant Code de l'eau [Law No. 2005-030 with the Water Code] |
| Mauritius | 1) Rivers and Canals Act 1863 (Act 35/1863, as amended); and 2) Ground Water Act 1969 (Act 55/1969, as amended) |
| Mozambique | Lei n.º 16/91, de 3 de Agosto de 1991. Aprova a Lei de Águas [Law No. 16/91 of 3 August 1991. Approving the Water Law] |
| Namibia | Water Resources Management Act, 2004 |
| Niger | Ordonnance nº 93-014 du 2 mars 1993 portant régime de l'eau [Ordinance No. 93-014 of 2 March 1993 with the Water Regime] |
| Nigeria | Water Resources Act of 1993 (Decree 101) |
| Rwanda | Loi n° 62/2008 du 10/09/2008 fixant les règles d'utilisation, de conservation, de protection et de gestion des ressources en eau [Law No. 62/2008 of 10/09/2008: Putting in place the use, conservation, protection and management of water resource regulations] |
| Sao Tome & Principe | Lei N.º 10/1999 Lei de Base do Ambiente [Law No. 10/1999 Basic Law of the Environment] |
| Senegal | Code de l'eau - Loi nº 81-13 [Water Code No. 81-13 of 1981] |
| Seychelles | Water Act, 1982 |
| Sierra Leone | Water (Control and Supply) Act, 1963. Note: Sierra Leone has a 2008 National Water Policy but no copy can be obtained. A new water law is pending. |
| Somaliland [Somalia] | Somaliland National Water Policy (June 2004) & National Water Strategy (September 2004). Note: A 2004 Draft Water Act is still pending. Somalia itself has no national water law. |
| South Africa | National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998) |
| South Sudan | Government of Southern Sudan Water Policy 2007. Note: Southern Sudan has no national water law yet. |
| Sudan | Water Resources Act (1995). Note: A copy of the Act could not be obtained. For this analysis, the 2010 Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Policy was used. |
| Swaziland | Water Act, 2003 (Act Number 7 of 2003) |
| Tanzania | The Water Resources Management Act, 2009 (Act No. 11 of 2009) |
| Togo | Loi N° 2010-004 portant Code de l’Eau [Law No. 2010-004 with the Water Code] |
| Uganda | Water Act 1997 (Chap 152, Laws of Uganda) |
| Zambia | Water Resources Management Act, 2011 (No. 21 of 2011) |
| Zimbabwe | Water Act (Chap 20:24) (Acts 31/1998, 22/2001, 13/2002, 14/2002) |
TREES
| Country | Principal National Law |
|---|---|
| Angola | Decreto N.º 44.531 de Recursos Florestais [Decree No. 44.531 on Forestry Resources] |
| Benin | Loi nº 93-009 du 2 juillet 1993 portant régime des forêts en République du Benin [Act No. 93-009 of 2 July 1993 governing forests in the Republic of Benin] |
| Botswana | Forest Act (1968, as amended) |
| Burkina Faso | Loi nº 003-2011/AN portant Code forestier au Burkina Faso [Law No. 003-2011/AN on the Forest Code in Burkina Faso] |
| Burundi | Loi nº 1-02 du 25 mars 1985 portant Code forestier [Law No. 1-02 of 25 March 1985 on the Forest Code] |
| Cameroon | Law No. 94-01 of 20 January 1994 to lay down forestry, wildlife and fisheries regulations |
| Cape Verde | Lei nº 48/V/98 de 6 de Abril [Act No. 48/V/98 of 6 April 1998 regulating forestry activity] |
| Central African Republic | Loi nº 08-22 portant Code forestier de la République Centrafricaine [Law No. 08-22 on the Forest Code of the Central African Republic, 17 October 2008] |
| Chad | Loi nº 08/PR/14 portant régime des forêts, de la faune et des ressources halieutiques [Law No. 08/PR/14 covering forestry, wildlife and fisheries] |
| Comoros | Loi nº 88-006 portant régime juridique de la reforestation, du reboisement et des aménagements forestiers [Law No. 88-006 on the legal regime of reforestation, afforestation and forest management] |
| Congo Republic [Congo Brazzaville] | Loi N° 16-2000 du 20 novembre 2000 portant Code Forestier [Law No. 16-2000 of 20 November 2000, on the Forest Code] |
| Cote D’Ivoire | Loi nº 65-425 du 20 Dec. 1965 portant Code Forestier [Law No. 65-425 of 20 Dec. 1965 on the Forest Code] |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Loi N° 11/2002 du 29 Aout 2002 portant Code Forestier [Law No. 11/2002 of 29 August 2002 on the Forest Code] |
| Djibouti | Loi nº 243/AN/82 réglementant la coupe de bois en République de Djibouti [Law No. 243/AN/82 regulating logging in Djibouti] |
| Equatorial Guinea | Ley Nº 1/1997 Sobre el Uso y Manejo de los Bosques [Law No. 1/1997 On the Use and Management of Forests] |
| Eritrea | Proclamation No. 155, The Forestry and Wildlife Conservation and Development Proclamation (2006) |
| Ethiopia | Forest Development, Conservation and Utilization Proclamation No. 542/2007 |
| Gabon | Loi nº 016-01 portant code forestier en République gabonaise [Law No. 016-01 on the Forest Code in the Gabonese Republic] |
| Gambia | Forest Act, 1998 |
| Ghana | Forest Protection Decree, 1974; Forests Ordinance (Cap. 157); Trees and Timber Act 1974; Timber Resource Management Act, 1997 |
| Guinea | Loi nº L99/013/AN adoptant et promulgant la loi portant code forestier [Act No. L99/013/AN adopting and promulgating the law on the Forest Code] |
| Guinea Bissau | Decreto-Lei n.n.º 5/2011. Aprovada a Lei Florestal [Decree-Law No. 5/2011. Approving the Forest Law] |
| Kenya | Forests Act 2005 (No. 7 of 2005) |
| Lesotho | Forestry Act 1998 (No. 17 of 1998) |
| Liberia | National Forestry Reform Law of 2006 |
| Madagascar | Loi nº 97-017 portant révision de la législation forestière [Law No. 97-017 Revising Forest Legislation] |
| Malawi | Forestry Act (No. 4 of 1997) |
| Mali | Loi nº 95-004 fixant les conditions de gestion des ressources forestières [Law No. 95-004 1995 laying down the conditions for the management of forest resources] |
| Mauritania | Loi nº 97-007 du 20 janvier 1997 abrogeant et remplaçant l'ordonnance nº 82-171 portant Code forestier du 15 décembre 1982 [Law No. 97-007 of 20 January 1997 repealing and replacing Ordinance No. 82-171 on the Forest Code of 15 December 1982] |
| Mauritius | Forests and Reserves Act 1983 (Act No. 41), as amended |
| Mozambique | Law No. 10/99 on Forest and Wildlife Act |
| Namibia | Forest Act, 2001 (No. 12 of 2001) |
| Niger | Loi nº 2004-040 du 8 juin 2004, portant régime forestier au Niger [Law No. 2004-040 of 8 June 2004, Forest Regime in Niger] |
| Nigeria | Forest Law [Cap. 55], 1956 |
| Rwanda | Loi nº 47/1988 portant organisation du régime forestier [Act No. 47/1988 on the organization of the forest regime] |
| Sao Tome & Principe | Lei n.º 05/2001 Lei de Florestas [Law No. 05/2001, Law of Forests] |
| Senegal | Loi nº 98-03 portant le Code Forestier [Law No. 98-03 on the Forest Code] |
| Seychelles | Forest Reserve Act (Cap. 84); Breadfruit and other Trees (Protection) Act (Cap. 18) |
| Sierra Leone | The Forestry Act, 1988 |
| Somalia | Law on Fauna (Hunting) and Forest Conservation (No. 15 of 1969) |
| South Africa | National Forests Act (No. 84 of 1998) |
| South Sudan | Forests and Renewable Natural Resources Act for the year 2002 (Act No.11 /2002) |
| Sudan | Forests and Renewable Natural Resources Act for the year 2002 (Act No.11 /2002) |
| Swaziland | Forest Preservation Act (No. 14 of 1910); Private Forests Act 1951 (No. 3 of 1951) |
| Tanzania | The Forest Act, 2002 (Act No. 7 of 2002) |
| Togo | Loi n° 2008-09 portant Code forestier [Law No. 2008-09 on the Forest Code] |
| Uganda | National Forest and Tree Planting Act, 2003 (No. 8 of 2003) |
| Zambia | Forests Act 1999 (Act No. 7 of 1999) |
| Zimbabwe | Forest Act (Chapter 19:05; 1949, as amended); Communal Land Forest Produce Act (Chapter 19:04; 1987, as amended) |
WILDLIFE
| Country | Principal National Law |
|---|---|
| Angola | Regulamento de Caça - N.º 2873/99 de Novembro de 1957 [Regulation of Hunting - No. 2873/99 of November 1957] |
| Benin | Loi No 87-014 du 21 Septembre 1987 portant réglementation de la protection de la nature et de l'exercice de la chasse en République du Benin [Law No. 87-014 of 12 September 1987 regulating the protection of nature and the practice of hunting in Benin] |
| Botswana | Wildlife Conservation and National Parks Act (Chapter 38:01) |
| Burkina Faso | Décret nº 96-061/PRES/PM/MEE/MATS/MEFP/MCIA/MTT portant réglementation de l'exploitation de la faune au Burkina Faso [Decree No. 96-061/PRES/PM/MEE/MATS/MEFP/MCIA/MTT regulating the exploitation of wildlife in Burkina Faso]; Raabo nº AN-VII 0001/F/MET/MAT/MF portant définition et réglementation de la chasse villageoise, 1989 [Raabo No. AN-VII 0001/F/MET/MAT/MF on the definition and regulation of the village hunting, 1989] |
| Burundi | Réglementation de la chasse et la protection des espèces animales [Regulation of hunting and protection of animal species July 1971] |
| Cameroon | Law No. 94-1 of 20 January 1994 to lay down foresty, wildlife and fisheries regulations |
| Cape Verde | Decreto-Regulamentar N° 7/2002 estabelece medidas de conservação e protecção das espécies da flora e da fauna [Regulatory Decree No. 7/2002 establishing conservation and protection measures for species of flora and fauna] |
| Central African Republic | Ordonnance nº 84-045 portant protection de la faune sauvage et réglementant l'exercice de la chasse en République centrafricaine [Ordinance No. 84-045 on the protection of wildlife and regulating the practice of hunting in Central African Republic, 1984] |
| Chad | Act 08-014 2008-06-10PR Law governing forests, wildlife and fisheries |
| Comoros | No information available |
| Congo Republic [Congo Brazzaville] | Loi nº 37-2008 sur la faune et les aires protégées [Law No. 37-2008 on Wildlife and Protected Areas] |
| Cote D’Ivoire | Loi n° 65-225 relative à la protection de la faune et à l'exercice de la chasse. [Law no. 65-255 on the protection of wildlife and the exercise of hunting (1965, as amended)] |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Loi N° 82-002 du 29 mai 1982 portant réglementation de la chasse [Act No. 82-002 of 28 May 1982 on the regulation of hunting] |
| Djibouti | Décret n° 2004-0065/PR/MHUEAT portant protection de la biodiversité [Decree No. 2004-0065/PR/MHUEAT on the protection of biodiversity] |
| Equatorial Guinea | No information available |
| Eritrea | Forestry and Wildlife Conservation and Development Proclamation No. 155/2006 |
| Ethiopia | Development, Conservation and Utilization of Wildlife Proclamation No. 541/2007 |
| Gabon | Loi nº 46-60 réglementant l'exercice de la chasse et l'usage des armes de chasse [Law No. 46-60 regulating the practice of hunting and the use of hunting weapons (1960)] |
| Gambia | Wildlife Conservation Act, 1977 (Act No. 1 of 1977) |
| Ghana | Wild Animals Preservation Act, 1961 (Act 43) |
| Guinea | Loi nº L/97-038/AN adoptant et promulguant le Code de protection de la faune sauvage et réglementation de la chasse [Law No. L/97-038/AN adopting and promulgating the Code of protection of wildlife and hunting regulations] |
| Guinea Bissau | Decreto-Lei n° 2/2004 estabelece as bases para a protecção, formento e exploração da fauna selvagem [Decree-Law No. 2/2004 establishing the basic norms for protection, promotion and exploitation of Wildlife] |
| Kenya | Wildlife (Conservation and Management) Act, 1976 (Cap. 376) |
| Lesotho | Historical Monuments, Relics, Fauna and Flora Act (Act 41 of 1967) |
| Liberia | National Wildlife and National Parks Act (1988) |
| Madagascar | Ordonnance nº 60-126 du 3 octobre 1960 fixant le régime de la chasse, de la pêche et de la protection de la faune [Ordinance No. 60-126 of 3 October 1960 establishing the regime of hunting, fishing and the protection of wildlife] |
| Malawi | National Parks and Wildlife Act (Act No. 11 of 1992) |
| Mali | Loi nº 95-031 fixant les conditions de gestion de la faune sauvage et de son habitat [Law No. 95-031 establishing the conditions for management of wildlife and its habitat] |
| Mauritania | Loi nº 97-006 abrogeant et remplaçant la loi nº 75-003 du 15 janvier 1975 portant Code de la chasse et de la protection de la nature [Law No. 97-006 repealing and replacing Law No. 75-003 of 15 January 1975 on the Code of hunting and Conservation] |
| Mauritius | Wildlife and National Parks Act 1993 (No. 13 of 1993) |
| Mozambique | Law. No. 10/99 on Forest and Wildlife Act (1999) |
| Namibia | Nature Conservation Ordinance, 1975, as amended by the Nature Conservation Amendment Act, 1996 |
| Niger | Loi nº 98-07 fixant le régime de la chasse et de la protection de la faune [Law No. 98-07 fixing the Hunting Regime and Protection of Wildlife (29 April 1998)] |
| Nigeria | The Wild Animals Law, 1965 |
| Rwanda | No Framework Wildlife Law. The Rwanda Wildlife Policy of March 2013 provides policy guidelines. Wildlife management based on sectoral laws and regulations, including Ministerial Order No. 007/2008 of 15/08/2008 Establishing the List of Protected Animal and Plant Species, provisions in Act No. 47/1988 on the organization of the forest regime. |
| Sao Tome & Principe | Lei n.º11/99 Lei de Conservação da Fauna, Flora e das Áreas Protegidas [Law n. º 11/99 Law of Conservation of Wild Fauna, Flora and Protected Areas, 1999]. Note: New hunting legislation awaiting promulgation. |
| Senegal | Loi nº 86-04 portant Code de la chasse et de la protection de la nature - Partie Legislative; Decret No. 86-844 Portant Code de la Chasse et de la Protection de la faune - Partie Reglementaire. [Law No. 86-04 on the Code of hunting and conservation; Decree No. 86-844 on the Code of Hunting and Wildlife Protection] |
| Seychelles | Wild Animals and Birds Protection Act (Act 37 of 1961, as amended) |
| Sierra Leone | The Wildlife Conservation Act, 1972 (No. 27 of 1972) |
| Somalia | Law No. 15 of 25 January, 1969, Law on Fauna (Hunting) and Forest Conservation |
| South Africa | National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No. 10 of 2004) |
| South Sudan | Wildlife Conservation and National Parks Act, 2003 |
| Sudan | The Preservation of Wild Animals Ordinance (1935) |
| Swaziland | The Game (amendment) Act, 1991- amending Game Act 1953 |
| Tanzania | The Wildlife Conservation Act, 2009 |
| Togo | Ordonnance nº 4 du 16 janvier 1968 réglementant la protection de la faune et l'exercice de la chasse au Togo [Ordinance No. 4 of 16 January 1968 regulating the protection of wildlife and exercise of hunting in Togo] |
| Uganda | Uganda Wildlife Statute, 1996 (No. 14 of 1996) |
| Zambia | The Zambia Wildlife Act, No. 12 of 1998 |
| Zimbabwe | Parks and Wild Life Act (Chapter 20:14), November 1, 1975, as amended |
MINERALS
| Country | Principal National Law |
|---|---|
| Angola | Lei n.º 31/11 Código Mineiro [Law no. 31/11 Mining Code (23 September 2011)] |
| Benin | Loi nº 2006-17 portant code minier et fiscalités minières en République du Bénin [Law No. 2006-17 on the mining code and mining tax systems in the Republic of Benin] |
| Botswana | Mines and Minerals Act, 1999 (Chapter 66:01) |
| Burkina Faso | Loi nº 031/2003/AN portant Code Minier [Act No. 031-2003/AN on the Mining Code] |
| Burundi | Décret-loi n° 1-138 du 17 Juillet 1976 portant Code minier et pétrolier de la République du Burundi [Decree-Law No. 1/138 of 17 July 1976 on the mining and petroleum code of the Republic of Burundi] |
| Cameroon | Loi nº 001 portant code minier [Law No. 001 on the Mining Code (2001)] |
| Cape Verde | Decreto-Lei n° 6/2003 regime juridico de licenciamento e exploração depedreiras [Decree-Law No. 6/2003 on the legal status over quarries exploitation and licensing] |
| Central African Republic | Loi nº 09-005 portant Code minier [Law No. 09-005 on the Mining Code (9 April 2009)] |
| Chad | Loi N°011/PR/1995 portant Code Minier [Law No. 011/PR/1995 on Mining Code (20 June 1995)] |
| Comoros | No information available |
| Congo Republic [Congo Brazzaville] | Loi nº 04-2005 portant Code minier [Law No. 04-2005 on the Mining Code] |
| Cote D’Ivoire | Loi nº 95-553 portant Code minier [Law No. 95-553 on the Mining Code (17 July 1995)] |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Loi N° 007/2002 du 11 juillet 2002 portant Code Minier [Law No. 007/2002 of 11 July 2002 on the Mining Code] |
| Djibouti | Loi n°66/AN/94/3e L portant Code Minier [Law no. 66/AN/94 on the Mining Code (7 December 1994)] |
| Equatorial Guinea | Ley nº 9/2006 Ley de Minas [Law No. 9/2006 Mining Law (Nov. 3, 2006)] |
| Eritrea | Proclamation No. 68/1995 (A Proclamation to Promote the Development of Mineral Resources) |
| Ethiopia | Mining Proclamation No. 52/1993 |
| Gabon | Loi nº 05/2000 portant code minier en République gabonaise [Law N° 005/2000 on the Mining Code of the Republic of Gabon] |
| Gambia | Minerals Act (Cap 121) |
| Ghana | The Minerals and Mining Act of 2006 (Act No. 703 - 31 March 2006) |
| Guinea | Loi L/95/036/CTRN portant Code Minier de la République de Guinée [Law L/95/036/CTRN on the Mining Code of the Republic of Guinea (1995)] |
| Guinea Bissau | Lei nº 1/2000 Lei de Minas e dos Minerais [Law No. 1/2000 Law of Mines and Minerals (24 July 2000)] |
| Kenya | The Mining Act, Cap 306 of 1986 |
| Lesotho | Mines and Minerals Act, 2005 |
| Liberia | Minerals and Mining Law (April 3, 2000) |
| Madagascar | Loi nº 99-022 portant code minier [Law no. 99-022 on the Mining Code (30 July 1999)] |
| Malawi | Mines and Minerals Act (Cap. 61:01) |
| Mali | Ordonnance n° 99-032/p-rm portant Code minier en République du Mali [Ordinance No. 99-032/P-RM the Mining Code in the Republic of Mali (19 August 1999)] |
| Mauritania | Loi nº 2008-011 portant Code minier [Act No. 2008-011 on the Mining Code (27 April 2008)] |
| Mauritius | Mineral Ordinance no. 41 1966; Minerals (Amendment) Act 1970 |
| Mozambique | Lei N° 14/2002 Lei de Minas [Act No. 14/2002 Mining Law (26 June 2002)] Note: The law is currently under review. |
| Namibia | Minerals (Prospecting and Mining) Act, 1992 (No. 33 of 1992) |
| Niger | Ordinance no. 93-16 (2 March 1993) related to the Mining Law; Decree no. 2006-265/PRN determining details for implementing the Mining Law |
| Nigeria | Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act of 2007 |
| Rwanda | Loi n° 37/2008 du 11/08/2008 portant exploitation des mines et des carrières [Law No. 37/2008 of 11/08/2008 on Mining and Quarry Exploitation] |
| Sao Tome & Principe | No information available |
| Senegal | Loi nº 2003-36 portant Code minier [Law No. 2003-36 on the Mining Code] |
| Seychelles | Minerals Act (Cap. 129) (15 October 1962) |
| Sierra Leone | The Mines and Minerals Act, 2009 |
| Somalia | The Mining Code and Regulations of the Republic of Somaliland (April 2000) |
| South Africa | Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (No. 28 of 2002) |
| South Sudan | South Sudan Mining Act 2012 |
| Sudan | Mineral Resources and Mining Development Act (2007) |
| Swaziland | The Mines and Minerals Act of 2011 |
| Tanzania | The Mining Act, 2010 |
| Togo | Loi nº 96-004 portant Code minier de la République togolaise [Law No. 96-004 on the Mining Code of the Republic of Togo (22 February 1996)] |
| Uganda | Mining Act, 2003 |
| Zambia | Mines and Minerals (Amendment) Act, 2007 (No. 6 of 2007) |
| Zimbabwe | Mines and Minerals Act (Chapter 21:05) |
PETROLEUM
| Country | Principal National Law |
|---|---|
| Angola | Lei nº 10/04 de 12 de Novembro, Lei das Actividades Petrolíferas [Law No. 10/04 of 12 November 2004, Petroleum Activities Law] |
| Benin | No information available |
| Botswana | Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act (Chapter 67:01). Note: Consolidated version of Act No. 12 of 1981 as at 31 December 2008 and amended by S.I. No. 56 of 1983. |
| Burkina Faso | No national petroleum law. Note: Burkina Faso has no known hydrocarbon resources. It is totally dependent on imported refined petroleum products. |
| Burundi | Décret-loi n° 1-138 du 17 juillet 1976 portant Code minier et pétrolier de la République du Burundi [Decree-Law No. 1-138 of 17 July 1976 on the Mining and Petroleum Code of the Republic of Burundi] |
| Cameroon | Loi n°99/013 portant code pétrolier [Law No. 99/ 013 on the Petroleum Code (22 December 1999)] |
| Cape Verde | No national petroleum law. Note: Cape Verde has no oil nor gas reserves. It depends solely on importation of refined petroleum products. |
| Central African Republic | Petroleum Code Ordinance no. 93.007 (May 25 1993) |
| Chad | Loi n° 07-06 relative aux hydrocarbures [Law No. 006/PR/2007, the Petroleum Law]. No copy of law available. Secondary source used. See https://tinyurl.com/kcxug4z |
| Comoros | No information available. Comoros has passed a new law, the Petroleum Code, 2013, but no copy is available. |
| Congo Republic [Congo Brazzaville] | Loi n° 24-94 du 23 août 1994 Code des hydrocarbures [Law No. 24-94 of 23 August 1994 Hydrocarbons Code] |
| Cote D’Ivoire | Code Pétrolier [Petroleum Code 1996] |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Law No. 81-013 General Law on Mines and Hydrocarbons (2 April 1981) |
| Djibouti | Loi n°117/AN/05/5ème L Portant Code Pétrolier [Law No. 117/AN/05 on the Petroleum Code] |
| Equatorial Guinea | Ley Nº 8/2006 - Ley de Hidrocarburos de la Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial [Law No. 8/2006 - Hydrocarbons Law of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea] |
| Eritrea | Petroleum Operations Proclamation No. 40/1993 |
| Ethiopia | Petroleum Operations Proclamation No. 295/1986 |
| Gabon | Loi n°14/74 du 21 janvier 1975 portant réglementation des activités de recherche et d’exploitation pétrolière sur le territoire de la République Gabonaise [Law No. 14/74 of 21 January 1975 regulating research and oil exploration in the territory of the Republic of Gabon]. Note: A draft Petroleum Code is in process as of 2012. |
| Gambia | No information available. Note: Gambia has law, the Petroleum Act, 2004, but no copy is available. |
| Ghana | Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Law, 1984 |
| Guinea | No national law. Note: There are no established oil and gas reserves in the Republic of Guinea. |
| Guinea Bissau | Lei n.º 2/82 estabelece as bases relativas a pesquisa, a exploracao dos hidrocarbonetos liquidos ou gasosos [Law No. 2/82 on liquid and gas hydrocarbons research and exploitation] |
| Kenya | The Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act Chapter 308 1986 |
| Lesotho | No national petroleum law |
| Liberia | An Act Adopting the New Petroleum Law of Liberia 2001 |
| Madagascar | No information available. Note: Madagascar has a law--Law No. 96018 of 4 September 1996, Petroleum Code--but no copy is available. |
| Malawi | Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act (Chap 61:02), 1983 |
| Mali | Loi n°04-037/ portant organisation de la recherche, de l’exploitation, du transport et du raffinage des hydrocarbures [Act No. 04-037/organizing the research, exploitation, transport and refining of oil] |
| Mauritania | Ordonnance nº 2002-05 règlementant les activités aval du secteur des hydrocarbures [Ordinance No. 2002-005 regulating the activities of the downstream oil sector (28 March 2002)] |
| Mauritius | No national petroleum law. Note: There are no established oil and gas reserves in Mauritius. |
| Mozambique | Lei n.º 3/2001 aprova a Lei dos petróleos [Law No. 3/2001 approving the Petroleum Law] |
| Namibia | Petroleum [Exploration and Production] Act, 1991 |
| Niger | Loi no 2004-049 du 30 juin 2004, portant Code Pétrolier [Law No. 2004-049 of 30 June 2004, on the Petroleum Code] |
| Nigeria | Petroleum Act 1968 |
| Rwanda | No national petroleum law. Note: Rwanda expects to pass a new petroleum law in mid-2014 |
| Sao Tome & Principe | The General Law on Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation of August 2000. No copy available, secondary literature used. Note: Sao Tome & Principe is on the verge of becoming an oil producing country, with oil production expected to start flowing in 2016. See: https://tinyurl.com/mypl4tu and https://tinyurl.com/lr7h6z4 |
| Senegal | Loi nº 98-05 portant Code pétrolier [Law No. 98-05 on the Petroleum Code (8 January 1998)] |
| Seychelles | Petroleum Mining Act (July 26, 1976) Chapter 167 |
| Sierra Leone | The Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act 2011 |
| Somalia | Petroleum Law (June 15, 2006) |
| South Africa | Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 |
| South Sudan | The Petroleum Act, 2012 |
| Sudan | No information available. Note: Sudan has a law-- the Petroleum Resources Act 1972--but no copy is available. |
| Swaziland | No national petroleum law |
| Tanzania | Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act (Chap.328), 1981 |
| Togo | Loi n° 99-03 portant Code des hydrocarbures de la République togolaise [Law No. 99-003 on the Hydrocarbons Code of the Republic of Togo] |
| Uganda | Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act, 1985 (Ch 150) |
| Zambia | Petroleum Act (Exploration and Production) 2008 |
| Zimbabwe | Petroleum Act (Chapter 13:22) Act 11/2006 |