Topic: oceans

Coral reef data for Tobago come from the Millennium Coral Reef Mapping Project and R. Laydoo. Updated at WRI based on reef observations from Trinidad Institute of Marine Affairs (IMA).

This map identifies only 20 eutrophic coastal zones in all of Africa, of which 8 have documented hypoxia and 12 are areas of concern.

This map identifies just 24 eutrophic coastal areas with documented hypoxia and 9 areas of concern within Asia.

This map identifies 36 eutrophic coastal zones; 9 with documented hypoxia and 27 areas of concern.

This map identifies 168 eutrophic and hypoxic coastal areas in Europe. Fifty-nine of these are documented hypoxic areas, 106 are areas of concern, and 3 are improved systems that are in recovery.

This map identifies 25 eutrophic and hypoxic zones, with 3 having documented hypoxia and 22 areas of concern. Most are found in Brazil, Chile, and Peru.

This map identifies 131 eutrophic and hypoxic coast zones in North America and the Caribbean. Sixty-two have documented hypoxia, 59 are areas of concern, and 10 are systems in recovery.

The Caribbean region, as defined by this analysis, encompasses 35 countries and territories bordering the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean sea, including the oceanic island of Bermuda.

Map sources

Threats to reefs from coastal development were estimated based on distance from cities, ports, airports, and dive tourism centers, as well as population density, population growth, and tourism growth

Agriculture, though important to economic development and food security, is a source of increased sediment, nutrient, and pesticide runoff.