Topic: development

In Eastern Europe and Latin America all measured countries show a top-heavy BOP spending pattern, illustrated here by Russia.

The composition of BOP markets differs markedly across countries. Some, like Nigeria’s, are concentrated in the lowest income segments of the BOP.

In Mexico, the BOP constitutes 75 percent of the population, representing aggregate income of $105 billion.

The BOP share of transportation spending is consistently high in Africa.

The median of annual BOP per household spending on health for Cameroon is $33.89.

In Cameroon, the ratio of average household ICT spending in the BOP3000 income segment to that in the BOP1000 segment is 27:1.

India’s BOP market for ICT is 51 percent urban, with urban BOP households outspending rural ones 3:1.

In Brazil, the BOP market for ICT is 97 percent urban, and average annual spending by urban BOP households ($203) is seven times that spent by rural BOP households.

Those in the BOP cannot join the global economy, and benefit from it, until they are connected to it.

In Latin America the BOP market is $509 billion and includes 360 million people, 70 percent of the population in the 21 countries surveyed.

The BOP market in Eastern Europe is $458 billion and includes 254 million people in 28 surveyed countries, 64 percent of the region’s population with 36 percent of the region’s aggregate income.

The BOP market in Asia (including the Middle East) is by far the largest: 2.86 billion people in 19 surveyed countries, with an aggregate income of $3.47 trillion.

The African BOP includes 486 million people in 22 surveyed counties—95 percent of the population in those countries.

Four billion people form the base of the economic pyramid (BOP)—those with annual incomes below $3,000 (in local purchasing power).