WRI Stories Feed: People & Ecosystems

10 Ways to Cut Global Food Loss and Waste

Brian Lipinski — Thu, 06 Jun 2013 13:20:14 -0400

This post is the third installment of WRI’s blog series, “Creating a Sustainable Food Future.” The series explores strategies to sustainably feed 9…

By the Numbers: Reducing Food Loss and Waste

Brian Lipinski — Wed, 05 Jun 2013 08:57:00 -0400

This post is the second installment of WRI’s blog series, “Creating a Sustainable Food Future.” The series explores strategies to sustainably feed 9…

RELEASE: Cutting Food Loss and Waste Will Benefit People and the Environment, Says New Study on World Environment Day

Michael Oko — Tue, 04 Jun 2013 17:44:29 -0400

From Australia to Afghanistan, New Research Spotlights Low-Cost Actions for Delivering Major Benefits for Development, Environment and Livelihoods

One out of every four calories produced by the global agricultural system is being lost or wasted, according to new analysis. This situation poses a serious challenge to the world’s ability to reduce hunger and meet the food needs of the rapidly-expanding global population.

Released on World Environment Day (WED), which this year carries the theme “Think.Eat.Save - Reduce Your Foodprint,” the new working paper, Reducing Food Loss and Waste, shows that more than half of the food lost and wasted in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Australia occurs close to the fork—at the consumption stage. By contrast, in developing countries, about two-thirds of the food lost and wasted occurs close to the farm—after harvest and storage.

Reducing Food Loss and Waste was produced by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and draws on research from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

The paper makes a range of recommendations, including the development of a food loss and waste protocol―a global standard for how to measure, monitor, and report food loss and waste. If what gets measured gets managed, then such a protocol could go a long way toward helping governments and companies implement targeted efforts to reduce food loss and waste.

“Beyond all the environmental benefits, reducing food loss and waste will save money for people and companies,” said Craig Hanson, Director of WRI’s People & Ecosystems Program and a co-author of the study. “The world needs urgent solutions to feed its growing population and reducing loss and waste is a critical piece toward a more sustainable food future.”

According to the study, which was released today in Mongolia, the global host of WED 2013, the world will need about 60 percent more food calories in 2050 compared to 2006 if global demand continues on its current trajectory. Halving current rates of food loss and waste, say the authors, would reduce this gap by a fifth. This would also result in major savings in water use, energy, pesticides and fertilizers, and would be a boost for global food security.

“It is an extraordinary fact that in the 21st century, close to 25 per cent of all the calories linked with growing and producing food are lost or wasted between the farm and the fork—food that could feed the hungry, food that has required energy, water and soils in a world of increasing natural resource scarcities and environmental concerns including climate change,” said Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary General and UNEP Executive Director.

“Yet within the challenge of food are the seeds of a more cooperative and sustainable future—in short, it is an issue that unites everyone today and generations to come. The menu of case studies and recommendations in this study provide national and community-led solutions that ally smart policies with traditional knowledge, modern science and common sense,” he added.

“Everyone—from farmers and food companies to retailers, shipping lines, packagers, hotels, restaurants and households—has a role to play, and, in doing so, can contribute to maximizing the opportunities of the Millennium Development Goals, eradicating inequalities in rich and poor countries alike, and laying the foundation of a more environmentally sustainable pathway for billions of people,” said Mr. Steiner.

From community food banks in Australia to the use of metal grain silos by farmers in Afghanistan, the WRI and UNEP study showcases simple, low-cost solutions for reducing food loss and waste that are already delivering significant environmental and economic benefits to communities around the globe. Replicating and expanding these initiatives could significantly reduce the 1.3 billion tons of food lost or discarded worldwide each year, and make major improvements to global resource efficiency.

The report shows, for example, that water used to produce lost or wasted food globally each year could fill 70 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, while the amount of cropland used to produce wasted food is equivalent to the size of Mexico. Some 28 million tons of fertilizer are used annually to grow this lost and wasted food. The inefficient use of fertilizers is linked to the growth of “dead” coastal zones around the globe and to climate change.

Separate analysis coordinated by the FAO to be published soon indicates that if food loss and waste were a country, it would be the third highest emitter of greenhouse gases after the United States and China.

Case studies highlighted in the report include:

United States: To reduce portion sizes and therefore the amount of food thrown away each day in their cafeterias, some universities have discontinued the use of trays and introduced “pay by weight” schemes and other incentives. One university found that after going “trayless,” it discarded almost 13 metric tons less food than in previous years, and conserved over 100,000 litres of water annually. Financial savings amounted to US $79,000 per year.

Afghanistan: Insufficient storage can be a major source of food loss for farmers in developing countries, where structures often do not keep produce in airtight conditions. A FAO project in Afghanistan provided metal silos to 18,000 rural households. Recipients of the silos soon reported higher net incomes due to lower food losses, which decreased from 15 to 20 percent to 1 to 2 percent per year.

Sri Lanka: Introducing studier plastic crates to replace bags or sacks previously used to transport food reduced vegetable losses by weight from 30 percent to 5 percent. A similar project in the Philippines using plastic crates increased the value of a kilogram of fruit and vegetables by 16 per cent.

Australia: The non-profit organization SecondBite collects food from farmers, retailers, and other donors and distributes it to community groups in need. Last year, SecondBite reused and redirected 3,000 tons of fresh food that would otherwise have been discarded.

Nigeria: The “zeer” evaporative cooler system, developed by a teacher in Nigeria, can preserve fruit and vegetables without refrigeration. The system costs less than US $2.00 and can hold up to 12 kilograms of produce. Tomatoes and guavas, which would last around two days without storage, last up to 20 days in a zeer.

The paper contains a number of more general recommendations, including:

Developing a common global standard for measuring and reporting food loss and waste by governments and the private sector;
Setting global, national, and corporate food loss and waste reduction targets on the order of 50 percent;
Doubling investment in reducing post-harvest losses in developing countries; and
Establishing agencies and organizations in developed countries tasked with reducing food waste.

In addition, UNEP is developing a food waste prevention and reduction tool kit with FAO and WRAP (Waste and Resources Action Programme), together with experts, supermarkets, governments and other partners. The initiative will support governments, companies and cities to better assess their own levels of food waste, pinpoint areas in their businesses and communities where food is being needlessly wasted, and devise strategies to reduce this waste. The tool kit is expected to be available for widespread deployment before the end of 2013, and aims to underpin a transition to a less wasteful world.

World Environment Day
From the traditional knowledge of indigenous communities in remote rural areas, to major conferences in the fast-expanding capital Ulaanbaatar, issues around food security and sustainability are featured high on the agenda for World Environment Day (on 5 June) in the global host country Mongolia.

Events with the country’s ancient herding communities highlighted age-old techniques that have been used for centuries to preserve food and avoid waste. In the past, Mongolia’s traditional horsemen frequently relied on “borts” to sustain them over long journeys. The foodstuff consists of concentrated beef equal to the protein of an entire cow condensed and ground down to the size of a plate. This method of food preservation could produce a meal equivalent to several steaks when the protein was shaved into hot water to make soup.

In the run-up to World Environment Day, internet users have been submitting a host of traditional food-saving ideas and traditions via UNEP’s Facebook page. These include chuño from South America, which involves exposing potatoes to the freezing night air and hot daytime sun for five days, before trampling them to squeeze out any moisture. Chuño can last for several months, or even years.

Beyond Mongolia, thousands of people around the world are taking part in World Environment Day activities to highlight the need to consume and produce food more sustainably.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the capital city Sarajevo will host environmental experts in a series of events focused on engaging citizens on food waste and its environmental impact.

In China, Shanghai’s International Student Conference on Environment and Sustainability (ISCES) hundreds of students will debate and discuss the theme of “Food, Health and Sustainable Development.”

UNEP’s Geneva-based Regional Office for Europe is running a competition called “Love Your Leftovers,” where people can submit a recipe that they use to clean out the fridge. The competition will be judged by a top chef at the famous Cafe de la Paix in central Paris.

About World Environment Day (WED)
WED aims to be the biggest and most widely celebrated global day for positive environmental action. WED activities take place year round but climax on 5 June. WED celebrations began in 1972 and have grown to become the one of the main vehicles through which the UN stimulates worldwide awareness of the environment and encourages political attention and action. The WED 2013 theme is in support on the Think.Eat.Save campaign. For more information on activities in the host country Mongolia, and on hundreds of other global events, visit the WED site at: www.unep.org/wed/

About the Think.Eat.Save. Reduce Your Foodprint campaign
The campaign harnesses the expertise of organizations such as FAO, WRAP (Waste and Resources Action Programme), Feeding the 5,000 and other partners, including national governments, who have considerable experience targeting and changing wasteful practices. It aims to accelerate action and provide a global vision and information-sharing portal for the many initiatives currently underway around the world that aim to reduce food waste and food loss. Visit: www.thinkeatsave.org More examples of traditional techniques to preserve food and reduce waste are available here.

UNEP’s Resource Efficiency website is available here.

Notes to Editors: The new working paper Reducing Food Loss and Waste, is available at: www.wri.org and www.unep.org.

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Read a blog post on the new paper, here.

Demystifying the Role of Ecosystem Services in Impact Assessments

Florence Landsberg — Tue, 04 Jun 2013 12:59:06 -0400

Ensuring that development projects benefit both people and the planet is becoming more and more of a priority.

Environmental and social impact assessments (ESIA) have been in use for decades to consider the effects of projects such as…

Making the Right Choice on Indonesia’s Forest Moratorium

Andrew Steer — Mon, 03 Jun 2013 10:09:35 -0400

This piece originally appeared in the Jakarta Post. It was co-written with Dino Patti…

The Great Balancing Act: 3 Needs for a Sustainable Food Future

Craig Hanson — Thu, 30 May 2013 09:14:45 -0400

This post is the first installment of WRI’s blog series, “Creating a Sustainable Food Future.” The series explores strategies to sustainably feed 9 billion people by 2050. All pieces are based on research being conducted for the forthcoming…

Indonesia Extends its Forest Moratorium: What Comes Next?

Kemen Austin — Wed, 15 May 2013 15:51:28 -0400

Indonesia’s President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono made a bold and courageous decision this week to extend…

A Conversation with Nirarta “Koni” Samadhi on Indonesia’s Forests

James Anderson — Tue, 07 May 2013 11:32:06 -0400

How can Indonesia—the world’s fourth-most populous country and an emerging economic powerhouse—reduce deforestation and promote sustainable…

Report Finds 85% of Reefs in the Coral Triangle Are Threatened - Now Available in Bahasa Indonesian

Lauren Zelin — Tue, 23 Apr 2013 17:35:32 -0400

“Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle” maps threats to reefs in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste

The report Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle, released at the 12th International Coral Reef Symposium this past July is now available in Bahasa Indonesian. The report finds that more than 85 percent of reefs in the Coral Triangle are directly threatened by local human activities, substantially more than the global average of 60 percent. Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle shows that the greatest local threats to reefs in the countries that make up the Coral Triangle are overfishing, watershed-based pollution, and coastal development. When these threats are combined with recent coral bleaching, prompted by rising ocean temperatures, the percent of reefs rated as threatened increases to more than 90 percent across the Coral Triangle region.

Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle was developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) in close collaboration with the USAID Coral Triangle Support Partnership (CTSP), a consortium of WWF, The Nature Conservancy, and Conservation International that assists the six Coral Triangle governments in implementing their regional and national Coral Triangle Initiative plans of action. This report was adapted from WRI’s landmark 2011 global analysis of threats to coral reefs, Reefs at Risk Revisited, supplemented with more recent and detailed data for the Coral Triangle region.

Indonesia is home to 16% of the world’s coral reefs (second only to Australia in total reef area) and the highest reef-associated population in the world, with nearly 60 million people living on the coast near coral reefs. The bahasa Indonesia edition of this report is intended to inform local and national decision-makers of the status of the country’s and region’s coral reefs and support coastal management activities in Indonesia.

To read the full report in Bahasa Indonesian click here: Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle

85% Terumbu Karang di Coral Triangle Tergolong “Terancam”

Lauren Zelin — Tue, 23 Apr 2013 16:44:56 -0400

Laporan lengkap sekarang tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia.

“Terumbu Karang yang Terancam di Coral Triangle” memetakan tingkat ancaman terhadap terumbu karang di Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua Nugini, Filipina, Kepulauan Solomon, dan Timor-Leste.

Laporan Terumbu Karang yang Terancam di Coral Triangle (Kawasan Segitiga Terumbu Karang) kini tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Laporan ini dirilis pada bulan Juli lalu di acara Simposium Internasional Terumbu Karang ke 12. Laporan ini menemukan bahwa lebih dari 85 persen dari terumbu karang di Kawasan Segitiga Terumbu Karang (Coral Triangle) secara langsung terancam oleh aktivitas manusia, jauh melebihi rata-rata global yaitu 60 persen. Temuan laporan ini menunjukkan bahwa ancaman terbesar bagi terumbu karang di negara-negara kawasan Coral Triangle adalah penangkapan ikan yang berlebihan, polusi pada daerah aliran sungai, dan pembangunan kawasan pesisir. Ketika ancaman ini digabungkan dengan pemutihan terumbu karang (coral bleaching) yang didorong oleh kenaikan suhu laut, terumbu karang yang tergolong “terancam” meningkat menjadi 90%.

Laporan Terumbu “Terumbu Karang yang Terancam di Coral Triangle” dikembangkan oleh World Resources Institute (WRI) dan bekerjasama dengan Kemitraan Pendukung Segitiga Terumbu Karang USAID, sebuah konsorsium yang berisi WWF, The Nature Conservancy, dan Conservation International. Konsorsium ini membantu mengimplementasi rencana aksi enam negara yang membentuk Kawasan Segitiga Terumbu Karang. Laporan ini diadaptasi dari analisis WRI tahun 2011 tentang ancaman terhadap terumbu karang pada tingkat global, Reefs at Risk Revisited. Laporan ini dilengkapi dengan data terbaru dan lebih mendetil untuk wilayah Segitiga Terumbu Karang.

Indonesia adalah rumah bagi 16% dari terumbu karang dunia (kedua terbanyak setelah Australia) dan hampir 60 juta penduduk yang mata pencahariannya tergantung pada terumbu karang. Edisi Bahasa Indonesia dari laporan ini diharapkan dapat menginformasikan pembuat kebijakan baik di tingkat lokal maupun nasional mengenai keadaan terumbu karang di wilayah pesisir Indonesia.

Read the full report in bahasa Indonesian here: Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle