Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Part I: The Urban Environment

Chapter 1: Cities and the Environment
Introduction
Urban Growth Patterns
What Fuels Urban Growth?
Urban Poverty
Urban Environmental Problems
Economic Costs of Urban Environmental Degradation
Confronting the Urban Environmental Challenge
Chapter 2: Urban Environment and Human Health
Introduction
Health Profiles of Urban Dwellers
The Urban Physical Environment and Health
The Urban Social Environment and Health
Multisectoral Strategies for Improving the Health of Urban Dwellers
Chapter 3: Urban Impacts on Natural Resources
Introduction
Land Conversion
Extraction and Depletion of Natural Resources
Urban Wastes
Integrated Approaches to Protect the Resource Base
Chapter 4: Urban Transportation
Introduction
Urban Transportation Trends
Impacts of Urban Transportation Trends
Moving Forward: Key Strategies and Tools
Improving the Transportation Supply
Chapter 5: Urban Priorities for Action
Introduction
Priorities for Action: Water and Sanitation
Promoting Water Conservation
Priorities for Action: Solid Waste Management
Priorities for Action: Air Pollution
Priorities for Action: Land Use
Chapter 6: City and Community: Toward Environmental Sustainability
Introduction
Strengthening Local Governments in Developing Countries
A Community-level Approach to Environmental Management
Setting Priorities
Cities and Sustainable Development
Appendix A.
Part II: Global Conditions and Trends and Data Tables
Chapter 7: Basic Economic Indicators
Introduction
Measuring Economic Progress
Purchasing Power Parity
Economic Inequality
Economic Growth and the Environment
Chapter 8: Population and Human Development
Introduction
Population Trends
Human Development Trends
Global Health Trends
Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases
Chapter 9: Forests and Land Cover
Introduction
State of the World\'s Forests
Forest Policy Instruments
Chapter 10: Food and Agriculture
Introduction
Recent Trends
Future Global Cereal Production: Feast or Famine?

Chapter 11: Biodiversity

Introduction
New Biodiversity Assessment
Threats to Coastal Ecosystems
Marine Biodiversity
Pressures on Marine Biodiversity
Tools for Protecting Marine Biodiversity
Chapter 12: Energy and Materials
Introduction
Energy Production and Consumption
Energy Resources
Future Energy Demand
Constraints to Energy Consumption
Chapter 13: Water and Fisheries
Introduction
Marine Fishing Trends: Troubled Waters Ahead
Freshwater Trends: Will Future Needs Be Met?
Chapter 14: Atmosphere and Climate
Introduction
Stabilizing Earth\'s Climate
Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions
The Difficulty of Stabilizing Emissions
Economic Costs of Controlling Emissions
Economic Benefits of Reducing Emissions
Negotiating the Future
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