References and notes for Chapter 2 (101-175)

101. World Health Organization (WHO), Our Planet, Our Health (WHO, Geneva, 1992), pp. 83-87.

102. Ibid., p. 86.

103. Op. cit. 100, p. 129.

104. Op. cit. 101, p. 85.

105. H. Shuval et al., Wastewater Irrigation in Developing Countries: Health Effects and Technical Solutions (The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 1986), p. 296.

106. Ibid., pp. 116, 131-133, 299-300.

107. Op. cit. 105, pp. 77-84, 117, 299-300.

108. Op. cit. 105, p. 84.

109. United Nations Environment Programme, Global Environmental Outlook (Oxford University Press, New York, 1997), pp. 232-234.

110. United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Forest Resources Assessment 1990: A Global Synthesis (FAO, Rome, 1995), pp. 8-9.

111. Dirk Bryant, Daniel Nielsen, and Laura Tangley, The Last Frontier Forests: Ecosystems and Economies on the Edge (World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C., 1997), p. 16.

112. Op. cit. 100, p. 130.

113. A. Dobson, M. Campbell, and J. Bell, “Fatal Synergisms: Interactions Between Infectious Diseases, Human Population Growth, and Loss of Biodiversity,” in Biodiversity and Human Health, F. Grifo and J. Rosenthal, eds. (Island Press, Washington, D.C., 1997), p. 98.

114. S.W. Lindsay and M.H. Birley, “Climate Change and Malaria Transmission,” Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. 90, No. 6 (1996), p. 582.

115. J. Almendares et al., “Critical Regions, a Profile of Honduras,” The Lancet, Vol. 342, No. 8884 (December 4, 1993), p. 1400.

116. Op. cit. 4, p. 62.

117. Op. cit. 4, p. 71.

118. Op. cit. 10, pp. 130-132.

119. N. Pearce et al., “Industrialization and Health,” in Occupational Cancer in Developing Countries, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Scientific Publications No. 129, N. Pearce et al., eds. (World Health Organization, IARC, Lyon, France, 1994), p. 7.

120. Daniel R. Headrick, “Technological Change,” in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, B.L. Turner II et al., eds. (Cambridge University Press with Clark University, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1990), p. 65.

121. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), International Yearbook of Industrial Statistics 1997 (UNIDO, Vienna, Austria, 1997), Table 1.10.

122. David Taylor, “Trade-Offs in Thailand,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 104, No. 12 (December 1996), p. 1288.

123. Carter Brandon, “Reversing Pollution Trends in Asia,” Finance and Development No. 3 (1994), pp. 21-23.

124. Jean-Fran‡ois Tremblay, “Chemical Boom in Indonesia,” Chemical and Engineering News, Vol. 75, No. 32 (August 11, 1997), p. 16.

125. International Labour Office (ILO), 1996 Yearbook of Labour Statistics (ILO, Geneva, 1996), Table 5B.

126. Op. cit. 12.

127. M.E. Conroy, “Regional Dimensions of Economic Integration and Global Restructuring,” paper presented at the 1997 American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Annual Meeting and Science Innovation Exposition, Seattle, Washington, February 13-18, pp. 4-5.

128. Jason Abott, “Export Processing Zones and the Developing World,” Contemporary Review, Vol. 270, No. 1576 (May 1997), pp. 232-238.

129. Bob Herbert, “Children of the Dark Ages,” The New York Times (July 21, 1995), p. A11.

130. Barry I. Castleman, “The Migration of Industrial Hazards,” International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Vol. 1, No. 2 (April-June 1995), pp. 87-89.

131. Joseph LaDou, “International Occupational and Environmental Health,” in William N. Rom., ed., Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Third Edition (forthcoming), p. 5.

132. Cristina Cortinas de Nava, “Worldwide Overview of Hazardous Wastes,” Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol., 12, No. 2 (1996), p. 129.

133. Ibid.

134. Op. cit. 132, p. 135.

135. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Final Report: Costs of Compliance with the Proposed Amendments to the PCB Regulation (U.S., EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (Washington, D.C., 1994), cited in U.S. EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Management of Polycholorinated Biphenyls in the United States (U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., 1997).

136. A.B. Miller, “Review of Extant Community-Based Epidemiological Studies on Health Effects of Hazardous Wastes,” Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 12, No. 2 (1996), p. 226.

137. Ibid, pp. 226-227..

138. Kate Cahow, “The Cancer Conundrum,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 103, No. 11 (November 1995), p. 999.

139. Krzysztof Krzystyniak, Helen Tryphonas, and Michael Fournier, “Approaches to the Evaluation of Chemical-Induced Immunotoxicity,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 103, Supplement 9 (December 1995), p. 17.

140. Frank Wania and Donald Mackay, “Tracking the Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 30, No 9 (1996), p. 394A.

141. Ibid., p. 390A.

142. Programme for the Promotion of Chemical Safety, the Division of Control of Tropical Diseases, and the Food Safety Unit of the World Health Organization (WHO), “Persistent Organic Pollutants,” paper prepared for the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety Experts Meeting on Persistent Organic Pollutants, June 17-19, 1996, Manila, The Philippines (WHO, Geneva, 1996).

143. Foundation for Advancements in Science and Education (FASE), “Exporting Risk, Pesticide Exports from U.S. Ports, 1992-1994,” FASE Research Report (FASE, Los Angeles, 1996), pp. 1-12.

144. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), “UNEP Survey on Sources of POPs,” prepared for Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety Experts Meeting on Persistent Organic Pollutants, Manila, The Philippines, June 17-19, 1996. Available online at: irptc.unep.ch/pops/indxhtms/manexp3.html.

145. Helmut F. van Emden and David B. Peakall, Beyond Silent Spring: Integrated Pest Management and Chemical Safety (Chapman & Hall, London, 1996), p. 30.

146. Carol W. Bason and Theo Colborn, “U.S. Application and Distribution of Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals Capable of Disrupting Endocrine and Immune Systems,” in Chemically- Induced Alterations in Sexual and Functional Development: The Wildlife/Human Connection, Theo Colborn and Coralie Clement, eds., Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology, Vol. XXI (Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, 1992), p. 342.

147. Op. cit., 140.

148. Babasaheb R. Sonawane, “Chemical Contaminants in Human Milk: An Overview,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 103, Supplement 6 (1995), p. 199.

149. Neil W. Tremblay and Andrew P. Gilman, “Introduction: Human Health, the Great Lakes, and Environmental Pollution: A 1994 Perspective,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 103, Supplement 9 (December 1995), p. 3.

150. Ibid.

151. Op. cit. 149.

152. Dieter Riedel and Neil W. Tremblay, “Progress on Research into Great Lakes Pollution and Health Risks,” Health and Environment Digest, Vol. 10, No. 3 (July 1996), p. 19.

153. Christopher T. DeRosa and Barry L. Johnson, “Strategic Elements of ATSDR”s Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program,” Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 12, No. 3/4 (1996), p. 315.

154. Op. cit. 152, p. 20.

155. Joseph L. Jacobson and Sandra W. Jacobson, “Intellectual Impairment in Children Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Utero,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 335, No. 11 (September 12, 1996), p. 788.

156. Ibid.

157. Y.C. Chen et al., “Cognitive Development of Hu-Cheng (“Oil Disease”) Children Prenatally Exposed to Heat-Degraded PCBs,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 268, No. 22 (December 9, 1992), p. 3213.

158. Op. cit. 149, p. 4.

159. Op. cit. 149, p. 4.

160. John E. Vena et al., “The New York Angler Cohort Study: Exposure Characterization and Reproductive and Developmental Health,” Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 12, No. 3/4 (1996), pp. 327-334.

161. Jeanne M. Courval et al., “Fish Consumption and Other Characteristics of Reproductive-Aged Michigan Anglers – A Potential Population for Studying the Effects of Consumption of Great Lakes Fish on Reproductive Health,” Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 12, No. 3/4 (1996), pp. 347-359.

162. Donald P. Waller et al., “Great Lakes Fish as a Source of Maternal and Fetal Exposure to Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,” Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 12, No. 3/4 (1996), pp. 335-345.

163. Edward F. Fitzgerald et al., “Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) and Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene (DDE) Exposure Among Native American Men from Contaminated Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife,” Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 12, No. 3/4 (1996), pp. 361 -368.

164. Op. cit. 162, p. 338.

165. Christopher T. DeRosa, Director, Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, August 1997 (personal communication).

166. Programme for the Promotion of Chemical Safety, the Division of Control of Tropical Diseases, and the Food Safety Unit of the World Health Organization (WHO), “Persistent Organic Pollutants,” paper prepared for the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety Experts Meeting on Persistent Organic Pollutants, June 17-19, 1996, Manila, The Philippines (WHO, Geneva, 1996).

167. Dudley Achu Sama, “The constraints in Managing the Pathways of Persistent Organic Pollutants into the Large Marine Ecosystem of the Gulf of Guinea: The Case of Cameroon,” paper prepared for the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety Experts Meeting on Persistent Organic Pollutants, June 17 -19, 1996, Manila, the Philippines (WHO, Geneva, 1996).

168. Op. cit. 149, p. 4.

169. Op. cit. 152, p. 19.

170. Jerome O. Nriagu, “A History of Global Metal Pollution,” Science, Vol. 272, No. 5259 (April 12, 1996), p. 223.

171. David L. Eaton and William O. Robertson, “Toxicology,” in Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Linda Rosenstick and Mark R. Cullen, eds. (WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1994), pp. 116 -117.

172. Cheryl Simon Silver and Dale S. Rothman, Toxics and Health: The Potential Long-Term Effects of Industrial Activity (World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C., 1995), p. 7.

173. Janet Glover-Kerkvliet, “Environmental Assault on Immunity,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 103, No. 3 (March 1995), pp. 236 -237.

174. Ibid., p. 237.

175. Op. cit. 172, p. 7.