PRSPs are notoriously weak in their provisions for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of the policies and programs they propose. In many cases, provisions for monitoring and evaluating environment-related impacts are particularly inadequate.The World Bank’s review of environmental mainstreaming in PRSPs found that few were structured for effective monitoring of progress towards proposed outcomes; that is, few contained realistic, quantified, time-bound, costed targets coupled with a sufficient suite of specific, relevant, quantitative indicators for measuring progress towards these targets (Bojö and Reddy 2003b:25).
Among the PRSPs reviewed, a few clearly identified targets and indicators that will be used to gauge the impact of proposed interventions related to environment and natural resources management. Bolivia presents several targets and indicators related to enhancing environmental income for the poor, including increases in the extent of land brought under secure title. The PRSP proposes to complete the process of securing clear title to rural property in Bolivia by 2006, which would involve regularizing the ownership of more than 7 million ha per year from 2001 to 2006 (Bolivia 2001:183). Other indicators established by Bolivia include annual increases in resources allocated to local communities from the revenues of protected areas, as well as increases in income from sustainable wildlife management programs (Bolivia 2001:186).
Cambodia’s PRSP presents an action-plan matrix with numerous strategic objectives, actionable measures, estimated costs, targets and indicators, and the responsible implementing agency. Among the targets and indicators related to environmental income opportunities are increases in the number of land titles issued (including the number of titles held by women) and establishing specific numbers of community forest, fisheries, and small-scale aquaculture projects in various provinces. Quantitative goals are also set for the numbers of women receiving agricultural training on such topics as soil fertility and management, prevention of soil degradation, and safe pesticide use, as well as the percentage of women members in farmers associations (Cambodia 2002:172-80, 229).
