Table 4.2 Payments for environmental services
TABLE 4.2 PAYMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES | ||
| Locale | Environmental Service | Value to Community |
| Costa Rica | Forest conservation and reforestation for watershed maintenance and carbon storage | More than US$100 million disbursed under 10-15 year contracts with over 450,000 ha enrolled in program. Funded by a fuel tax and contributions from private companies. Rodriquez 2004 |
| Pimampiro, Ecuador | Forest protection of headwaters to ensure clean water supply for the town | $1 per hectare payments constitute 30% of income for those households participating in forest protection. Grieg-Gran and Bishop |
| Cauca Valley, Columbia | Forest management to improve stream flows and reduce sedimentation of irrigation canals | US$1.5 million invested in poor communities in the upper watershed by downstream farmers. Scherr et al. 2004 |
| Kerala, India | Discovery and maintenance of a continued supply of Jeevani, a commercially marketed medicine | 500-1000 families will earn wage income from cultivation and harvesting of the fruit and leaves that are used to manufacture the drug. Ongoing royalty payments to the community from drug sales. Landell-Mills and Porras 2002 |
| Botswana, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe | Support of ecotourism in southern and eastern Africa through the maintenance of landscapes, natural resources, and wildlife habitat | Direct employment of 3000 people; over US$100,000 reinvested in local economic development and conservation activities. Landell-Mills and Porras 2002 |
| Scholel Té, Chiapas, Mexico | Forest management leading to carbon sequestration | Two-thirds of the value from the sale of carbon contracts goes to farmers. In 2002, US$120,000 was distributed to 700 participants. |
