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This map redefines the relative area of countries and regions of the world using historical carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption.

  • The country data used are for Australia, Canada, Japan, and the United States.

  • The six regions used are Africa, developing Asia (including India and China), Europe, the Former Soviet Union, the Middle East, and South and Central America.

  • Carbon dioxide emissions shown are from 1900 to 1999, to reflect carbon dioxide’s approximate atmospheric residence time.
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Africa, Australia, Canada, China, India, and developing area, Europe, Japan, the Middle East, the former Soviet Union, South and Central America, the United States.

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Two data sources are used:

  • 1900 - 1979: Marland, G., T.A. Boden, and R. J. Andres. 2000. “Global, Regional, and National CO 2 Emissions” in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A.: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy. Available online at: http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/trends/emis/meth_reg.htm.
  • 1980 - 1999: Energy Information Administration. 2001. International Energy Annual 1999. Washington DC: U.S. Energy Information Administration. Available online at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/.

The lack of reliable data at country and regional levels prevents the inclusion of other greenhouse gases or carbon dioxide emissions from land use changes. For more information on the relative roles and responsibilities of different countries’ contributions to climate change, see the following:

Top emitters of carbon from fossil fuels
Millions of tons of carbon, estimates

Country/Region — 1900-1999 —   — 1999 —
Total emissions Percent of total Total emissions Emissions per capita (tons)
1.
 United States 77,320 30.3% 1,520 5.6
2.
 European Union 56,280 22.1% 915 2.4
3.
 Russia 22,721 8.9% 400 2.7
4.
Germany 18,644 7.3% 230 2.8
5.
 China 17,786 7.0% 669 0.5
6.
 United Kingdom 14,336 5.6% 152

2.6

7.
 Japan 9,360 3.7% 307 2.4
8.
 France 7,241 2.8% 109 1.8
9.
 Ukraine 5,981 2.3% 104 2.1
10.
 Canada 5,831 2.3% 151 4.9
11.
 Poland 5,198 2.0% 85

2.2

12.
 India 5,098 2.0% 243 0.2
13.
 Italy 4,189 1.6% 121 2.1
14.
 South Africa 3,153 1.2% 99 2.2
15.
 Australia 2,736 1.1% 94 5.0
16.
 Czech Republic 2,565 1.0% 29 2.8
17.
 Mexico 2,529 1.0% 101 1.0
18.
 Belgium 2,426 1.0% 38 3.7
19.
 Netherlands 2,331 0.9% 64 4.1
20.
 Spain 2,288 0.9% 82 2.1
 Top 20 211,736 83.1%   4,597 1.3
 Rest of World 43,109 16.9% 1,544 0.6
 World Totals 254,845   6,141 1.0
Note: European Union is shown together, and its members states are shown separately where appropriate.