Climate and Energy Security Impacts and Tradeoffs in 2025

This chart compares the energy security and climate characteristics of different energy options. Bubble size corresponds to incremental energy provided or avoided in 2025. The reference point is the “business as usual” mix in 2025. The horizontal axis includes sustainability as well as traditional aspects of sufficiency, reliability, and affordability. The vertical axis illustrates life-cycle greenhouse gas intensity. Bubble placements are based on quantitative analysis and WRI expert judgment.