World Resources 2005 -- The Wealth of the Poor: Managing Ecosystems to Fight Poverty

Ecosystems are—or can be—the wealth of the poor. For many of the 1.1 billion people living in severe poverty, nature is a daily lifeline – an asset for those with few other material means. This is especially true for the rural poor, who comprise three-quarters of all poor households worldwide. Harvests from forests, fisheries, and farm fields are a primary source of rural income, and a fall-back when other sources of employment falter. But programs to reduce poverty often fail to account for the important link between environment and the livelihoods of the rural poor. As a consequence, the full potential of ecosystems as a wealth-creating asset for the poor – not just a survival mechanism – has yet to be effectively tapped.

The thesis of World Resources 2005 is that income from ecosystems—what we call environmental income – can act as a fundamental stepping stone in the economic empowerment of the rural poor. This requires that the poor manage ecosystems so that they support stable productivity over time. Productive ecosystems are the basis of a sustainable income stream from nature.

But for the poor to tap that income, they must be able to reap the benefits of their good stewardship. Unfortunately, the poor are rarely in such a position of power over natural resources. An array of governance failures typically intervene: lack of legal ownership and access to ecosystems, political marginalization, and exclusion from the decisions that affect how these ecosystems are managed. Without addressing these failures, there is little chance of using the economic potential of ecosystems to reduce rural poverty. World Resources 2005 details the steps necessary to empower the poor to use ecosystems both wisely and for wealth. Using examples and case studies, the report traces a route to greater environmental income. Working at the cutting edge of sustainable development, it lays out the governance changes necessary to give the poor the legal, financial, and management capacity to use nature for wealth creation without depleting their fragile resource base. World Resources 2005 builds on the analysis and argument of the two previous editions. World Resources 2000-2001: People and Ecosystems explored the threats to global ecosystems and stressed the need to adopt an “ecosystem approach” to environmental management. World Resources 2002-2004: Decisions for the Earth took a step farther, showing how governance factors influence environmental decisions and stressing that good governance that ensures adequate representation, access to information, and public participation is crucial to the sustainable and equitable management of ecosystems. The book also presents a wealth of statistics on current environmental, social, and economic trends in more than 150 countries. It makes the full World Resources database accessible and searchable online in the companion website Earthtrends.